In many cases, problems with the bite or the alignment of the teeth can be corrected using today’s advanced methods of dental and orthodontic treatment. Sometimes, however, skeletal and dental irregularities aren’t so easy to remedy, even with the most up-to-date non-surgical techniques. That’s when corrective jaw surgery (also called orthognathic surgery) may be recommended.
While it may sound like a complex and demanding treatment, jaw surgery isn’t always so serious. It’s often performed as a routine in-office procedure — for example, to extract impacted wisdom teeth (molars that don’t fully protrude through the gums), or to place dental implants in the jaw. However, it can also be used to remedy severe orthodontic problems involving the relationship between the teeth and jaws, including the correction of underbites (the most frequent surgical correction) and congenital abnormalities (birth defects) related to jaw development. It can even help alleviate sleep apnea, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Who Can Benefit From Jaw (Orthognathic) Surgery
People who have problems related to the jaws, tooth alignment and facial asymmetries, which create difficulties chewing, talking, sleeping, or carrying on routine activities, may benefit from having orthognathic (jaw) surgery. These procedures can also be used to correct aesthetic issues, such as a protruding jaw, a congenital defect, or an unbalanced facial appearance.
After a thorough examination, it can be determined if you’re a candidate for orthognathic surgery. In general, if orthodontic treatment can solve the problem, that’s where you will start. Yet, while orthodontics can successfully align the teeth, it’s sometimes the jaws themselves that need to be brought into line. In most cases, orthodontic appliances, such as braces and retainers, will be used before and after the surgical phase of treatment, to ensure that you end up with an effective — and aesthetically pleasing — result.
Conditions that can be successfully treated with corrective orthognathic surgery include the following:
Open bite, protruding jaw or receding chin
Congenital defects such as a cleft palate
Malocclusions (bite problems) resulting from underbites or severe overbites
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, when more conservative methods fail
Difficulty swallowing, chewing, or biting food
Chronic jaw or jaw joint (TMJ) pain and headache
Unbalanced facial appearance from the front or side
Inability to make the lips meet without straining
Chronic mouth breathing and dry mouth
Facial trauma
The Surgical Procedure
While every patient’s needs are different, it’s possible to outline some typical steps in the process. The first (and perhaps most important) component is consultation and planning among members of the dental team, including the restorative or general dentist, the orthodontist, and the oral surgeon. Your overall plan may involve orthodontic treatments along with surgical procedures. Using diagnostic images, 3-D models and advanced software, a step-by-step plan will be developed for the entire process. It’s even possible in many cases to show you a picture of what you’ll look like when your treatment is finished.
The surgery itself may occur in a hospital or an office setting, with the type of anesthesia that’s most appropriate for the procedure, and for your comfort. Because the actual surgery is generally performed inside the mouth, it often leaves no visible traces. After the procedure, minor pain and swelling can be controlled by over-the-counter or prescription pain medication. A soft or liquid diet may be recommended for a period of time following the procedure.
Following surgery, your condition will be closely monitored — as will your progress through each phase of the treatment plan. When it’s complete, you can enjoy the benefits of improved functionality and an enhanced appearance.